Do You Need Weight Belts?
If you don't feel like reading the whole pdf, here are some of the key points of Stuart McGill's research.
If you never injured your back, wearing a belt adds no safety.
If you injure yourself while wearing a belt, the injury is more severe.
To get the most out of weight belts, you must lift with bad technique.
If you want to lift a few more pounds, wear a weight belt.
Why I Never Recommend Weight Belts. Guy subscribes to a gym. Does Biceps Curls like the other guys. Gets stronger. Hyper-extends his back on each rep to get even stronger. Gets lower back pain.
He wears a belt upon recommendation of the gym people. No more pain. Back to curls, but still hyper-extending his back. Pain comes back, but worse. Doctor diagnoses him with a hernia. Weight lifting gets bad reputation again.
It was Biceps Curls, but it could have been Squats or Deadlifts. If you don't lift correctly, you'll injure yourself. That's why I don't recommend belts: they give a false sense of security. And according to McGill, injuries get more severe.
I don't think anyone has suggested that lifting with poor form is anything but silly.
The McGill article makes many references to occupational/therapeutic belt use and this is not applicable to strength training. As regards strength training the article states:
"There is no question that belts assist in generating torso stiffness to reduce the risk of spine buckling in extreme heavy lifts."
I would argue that this is the benefit most people receive when correctly using a powerlifting belt, and which allows them to lift slightly higher loads.
It also stated:
"There is no question that belts assist in generating a few more Newton-meters (or foot-pounds) of torque in the torso through elastic recoil of a bent torso that is stiffened with a belt. However, if a neutral spine is preserved throughout the lift this effect is minimal. In other words, to obtain the maximal effect from a belt, the 6 lifter must lift poorly and in a way that exposed the back to a much higher risk of injury!"
But again, no one in this thread as far as I'm aware has said that poor technique is desired or optimal.
The article is also adapted from a book which appears to be directed to athletic performance, as seen in his conclusion where he refers to various sports and states:
"The best athletes are able to generate motion but know when to stiffen with extremely rapid muscle activation together with rapid muscle relaxation. Techniques for training this skill involve selective plyometric exercise which in my 7 opinion is generally encumbered by wearing a belt. Thus, I modify my opinion for speed training and consider belts inappropriate when used in this way."
So his concern is dramatically different to that of a powerlifter.
Finally, as with all studies, you must consider whether or not their technique was even applicable - most studies look at bullshit exercises or utilise bullshit form.