The
Normandy landings, codenamed Operation
Neptune, were the
landing operations of the
Allied invasion of Normandy, in
Operation Overlord, during
World War II. The landings commenced on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 (
D-Day), beginning at 6:30 am
British Double Summer Time (GMT+2). In planning, as for most Allied operations, the term
D-Day was used for the day of the actual landing, which was dependent on final approval.
The landings were conducted in two phases: an
airborne assault landing of 24,000 British, US and Canadian
airborne troops shortly after midnight, and an
amphibious landing of Allied infantry and armoured
divisions on the coast of France starting at 6:30 am.[SUP]
[4][/SUP] Surprise was achieved thanks to inclement weather and a comprehensive deception plan implemented in the months before the landings, codenamed
Operation Bodyguard, to distract German attention from the possibility of landings in Normandy. A key success was to convince
Adolf Hitler that the landings would actually occur to the north at the
Pas-de-Calais. There were also decoy operations taking place simultaneously with the landings under the codenames
Operation Glimmer and
Operation Taxable to distract German forces from the real landing areas.[SUP]
[5][/SUP]
Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Forces was General
Dwight D. Eisenhower while overall command of ground forces (
21st Army Group) was given to General
Bernard Montgomery. The operation, planned by a team under
Lieutenant-General Frederick Morgan, was the largest amphibious invasion in world history and was executed by land, sea and air elements under direct
Anglo-
American command with over 160,000 soldiers landing on 6 June 1944: 73,000 Americans, 61,715 British and 21,400 Canadians.[SUP]
[6][/SUP][SUP]
[7][/SUP] 195,700 Allied naval and
merchant navy personnel in over 5,000 ships were also involved.[SUP]
[6][/SUP][SUP]
[8][/SUP] The invasion required the transport of soldiers and
materiel from England by troop-laden aircraft and ships, the assault landings,
air support, naval interdiction of the
English Channel and
naval gunfire support. The landings took place along a 50-mile (80 km) stretch of the
Normandy coast divided into five sectors:
Utah,
Omaha,
Gold,
Juno and
Sword.
[SUP]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normandy_landings[/SUP]