http://www.physioadvisor.com.au/14703550/pectoral-strain-torn-pectoral-physioadvisor.htm
Majority of grate 2 tears are here.
[h=2]What is a pectoral strain?[/h] A pectoral strain is a condition characterised by partial or complete tearing of one or more of the pectoral (chest) muscles (figure 1).
The pectoral muscles are a group of two muscles situated at the front of the chest (figure 1). The largest of which is the pectoralis major muscle which originates from the sternum (breast bone), ribs and collar bone and attaches to the upper arm bone (humerus). The pectoralis minor is the smaller of the two pectoral muscles originating from the front of the ribs and attaching to a bony process at the front of the shoulder blade. The pectoral muscles are responsible for assisting with movements of the shoulder blade and shoulder (such as pushing movements and taking the arm across the chest).
Figure 1 - Relevant Anatomy for a Pectoral Strain
During stretch or contraction of the pectorals, tension is placed through the pectoral muscles and tendons. When this tension is excessive due to too much repetition or high force, one or more of the pectoral muscles can tear. This condition is known as a pectoral strain.
Tears to the pectoral muscles can range from a small partial tear whereby there is minimal pain and minimal loss of function, to a complete rupture. Pectoral strains range from a grade 1 to a grade 3 tear and are classified as follows:
- Grade 1: a small number of fibers are torn resulting in some pain, but allowing full function.
- Grade 2: a significant number of fibers are torn with moderate loss of function.
- Grade 3: all muscle fibers are ruptured resulting in major loss of function.
The majority of pectoral strains are grade 2 tears.
Physiotherapy for a pectoral strain
Physiotherapy treatment for this condition is vital to hasten the healing process and ensure an optimal outcome. Treatment may comprise:
- soft tissue massage
- electrotherapy (e.g. ultrasound)
- joint mobilization
- joint manipulation
- dry needling
- ice or heat treatment
- the use of a sling
- progressive exercises to improve flexibility, strength and posture
- education
- training and activity modification advice
- technique correction
- postural correction
- anti-inflammatory advice
- devising and monitoring a return to sport or activity plan
[h=2]Initial Exercises[/h] [h=3]Static Pectoral Push In[/h] Begin this exercise standing with your back and neck straight and your shoulders back slightly. Keeping your elbow at your side and bent to 90 degrees, push your hand in against the other hands resistance as hard as possible provided the exercise is pain free (figure 2). Hold for 5 seconds and repeat 10 times.
[h=3]Shoulder External Rotation[/h] Begin standing tall, with your neck and back straight, your shoulders should be back slightly. Keeping your elbow tucked into your side and bent to 90 degrees, gently take your hand away from your body as far as you can go without pain and provided you feel no more than a mild to moderate stretch (figure 3). Repeat 10 times provided the exercise is pain free.
[h=3]Shoulder Flexion[/h] Begin standing tall with your back and neck straight. Gently raise your arm forwards and up as far as you can go without pain and provided you feel no more than a mild to moderate stretch (figure 4). Repeat 10 times provided the exercise is pain free.