i think the main difference between the two is how much volume you do.. trying to get strong as possible you'd ideally be doing less volume so you can recover fast enough to lift again, and volume is the #1 variable when it comes to muscular overload (ie growth)
put it this way:
5x10 at 100kg = 5000kg volume
3x3 at 150kg = 1350kg volume
so the guy doing 5x10 gets more overall volume and thus overloads more than the dude doing 3x3
however you wouldn't make much strength gains doing 5x10 all the time so throwing in some strength work to up your strength in the higher rep work would be the best option
put it this way:
5x10 at 100kg = 5000kg volume
3x3 at 150kg = 1350kg volume
so the guy doing 5x10 gets more overall volume and thus overloads more than the dude doing 3x3
however you wouldn't make much strength gains doing 5x10 all the time so throwing in some strength work to up your strength in the higher rep work would be the best option