All you need is good food.
Eat lots of fresh fruit and vegetables, nuts and beans, and some meat, fish and dairy. If you want to get bigger, eat lots of starchy foods (rice, pasta, bread, spuds), if you want to get smaller, eat less. Look at the results you get for physique changes and energy levels, and adjust the quantities to suit.
We can't suggest exact quantities because that depends on how big you are now, how much of it is muscle, how hard you'll be working out, and a zillion other things. You just have to start with the right kinds of foods, see how they affect your growth and energy levels and health, and adjust as you go.
Why have protein/carb powder at all? Well, it can make it easier to eat and digest big amounts, and some people trying to build up end up eating quite big amounts. It's easier to drink a shake than eat a steak, and digests quicker, too.
The cheapest protein/carb powder is skim milk powder, which you can get for $4-$6 a kilogram at the supermarket. Eggs can be had for $6 for a tray of 30, and the cheapest milk is long-life brandless milk, about $1.08/lt.
I make a workout drink of 500ml milk, 3 eggs, 100g skim milk powder, and have half before and half after the workout. Costs about $2 to make. This provides 1,000 calories, 70+g of protein and carbs both, and 44g fat - the carbs and fat will be burned up by the workout and recovery, the protein goes to build the muscles you tore down in the workout.